• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A traveling crane comprising a frame (1) provided in its upper part with a main support structure (2) and provided in its lower part and on opposite sides of the lower part of the frame with lower support structures (3a, 3b) transversely to the main support structure is; at least one wheel or wheel assembly (6, 7) at both ends of the lower support structures (3a, 3b), that is, in each lower corner of the crane; a trolley (8) adapted to move along the main support structure (2) and provided with a lifting member (9); a lifting mechanism (1 0) for driving the lifting member (9) of the trolley (8); and a cab (12) for the crane operator, wherein the cab (12) is arranged in communication with the one lower support structure (3a) and the lift mechanism (10) in conjunction with the other lower support structure (3b).
    公开号:AT520139A2
    申请号:T9121/2015
    申请日:2015-04-02
    公开日:2019-01-15
    发明作者:Ojapalo Esa；Santala Juha；Oja Hannu
    申请人:Konecranes Global Corp；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Mobile crane Field of the invention
    The invention relates to a traveling crane comprising a frame provided in its upper part with a main support structure and provided in its lower part and on opposite sides of the lower part of the frame with lower support structures transverse to the main support structure; at least one wheel or wheel assembly at both ends of the lower support structures, that is, in each lower corner of the crane; a trolley configured to move along the main support structure and provided with a lift member; a lifting mechanism for driving the lifting member of the trolley; and a cab for the crane operator.
    Such storage gantry cranes for storage areas in container terminals are designed for the arrangement and handling of containers at a container storage location.
    They move along paths parallel to rows of containers either on rails or on rubber wheels.
    Typically, the cab and lifting mechanism of such a crane are located in a trolley that moves on top of the main support structure of the crane, in which case the masses to be moved are quite large, which has a significant impact on the design of the support structures of the entire crane.
    The crane operator's workstation is in a trolley that moves high overhead, requiring a large number of passes and steps on the foot and upper structures of the crane, taking into account the need to crane in potential fault and hazard situations leave when the trolley is in the middle of the span of a crane or at one end of it. A crane operator sees a load element from the cab at an angle from above, and any steering movements and actions on the truck bed, especially those near the ground, may be inaccurate. Bad weather and light conditions also exert an adverse effect on it.
    The prior art solution also requires that sophisticated service and maintenance operations be considered in locations high up where the necessary, possibly heavy and large, replacement parts need to be associated with servicing.
    Summary of the invention
    An object of the invention is to provide a crane to enable the solution of the problems described above. This object is achieved by means of the crane according to the invention, which is characterized in that the cab in
    Connection with the one lower support structure and the lifting mechanism is arranged in connection with the other lower support structure. Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims.
    If the cab is located close to the floor just in front of the loading area in the lower part of the leg structure at one end of the crane, in other words, in connection with the aforementioned lower support structure, it is possible to load and unload the trucks and the wagons require special accuracy, from a short distance and from the best possible monitoring location to control and dahei to offer the crane operator the shortest distance to the loading area. This allows the safest possible execution of the work process. An additional advantage here is that the crane operator does not have to climb all the way up to the main carrier level, since the working height is at a much lower level than in a conventional storage gantry crane.
    To provide a more detailed description, it should be noted that the following advantages are achieved when the cab is at a low level:
    The ergonomics of the operator are significantly better in a continuous working position when the operator can sit upright in his chair. A standing position is also possible. Previously, the working position in a high-level driver's cab was uncomfortable and stressful for the musculoskeletal system: one operator is constantly sitting in a bent position, looking straight down between his splayed legs.
    For easier loading and unloading on lorry tracks, the operator sees the lowering / lifting from the side and from the correct height when lowering or lifting a container onto a trailer. In the prior art, the operator views the lowering / lifting situation from high up, making it difficult to detect a 0 - 0.5 m depth difference between a container and the upper surface of a trailer. The lifting capacity of a crane is so great that it is difficult to notice any substantial change in lifting force in lifting an empty or partially filled container as viewed from above, if the container is not completely detached from the corner locks which secure the container in place In other words, it is possible to accidentally lift the trailer of a truck. Such an unintentional situation can be easily avoided if the crane operator from the side of the field of view on a container, which is being handled.
    When a container is lowered onto / lifted off a trailer, the truck driver is in his cab as agreed and is not allowed to come out into the cargo area. If the crane operator is in the same level as the truck driver in practice, there is an opportunity for a conversation between them, and in the final phase of lowering / early lifting the safety could be increased as the container Charged / discharged at the back of the cab of the truck driver.
    A possible attack of the operator during a working shift is easier to counteract, since the operator does not have to be brought out of a high-placed driver's cab. In some cases, the removal of a person who has suffered a seizure must be organized from an overhead cab by a traveling crane or a helicopter. In addition, it is easier to set up operator shifts in work shifts and training situations of various types when the cab is at a low level. This is naturally possible because the conductor paths to be set up are shorter and lower.
    The cab may also be constructed in lightweight construction whenever it is possible to erect separate stiffening steel structures outside of it, in the event that a container should become loose during a lifting operation to prevent operator squeezing. It is more economical to construct stiffening steel structures, i.e., safety structures, than to rigidify the cab, particularly with regard to a load falling thereon. The stiffeners can be placed in front of and / or at an angle above the driver's cab.
    Similarly, when the lifting mechanism is in contact with the other lower support structure near the ground, it is equally possible to place it near the main power source, thereby simplifying electrification and improving the weight distribution of the crane. Items that require maintenance are easier to access, and the required replacement parts can easily be brought there using a forklift, for example. Thus, if the driver's cab remains connected at the same time as the lower support structure located on a side opposite the crane, the driver's cab is located far away from the noise and vibration sources. In addition, optimum protection of the cab and the operator from exhaust noise is achieved, as exhaust gases are directed substantially straight upwards, whereby the outlet opening of the exhaust pipe can be placed as far as possible from the operator. When handling a load when the container is lowered or raised substantially at the level of the cab, the container itself forms a temporary noise barrier between the machine unit and the cab.
    If the machine equipment and the cab are moved by the trolley to be placed near the ground, the trolley is a lightweight construction, which also allows for a lighter construction of the support structure of the crane.
    At the same time, of course, the center of gravity of the crane is lowered, whereby the stroke of the crane is stabilized. Also, fewer passages and platforms are required in the upper part, if no emergency exits from top to bottom are required in the event of fire or other accidents.
    The parts of the crane are designed so that they can be packed as modules in containers and transported to the installation site. This simplifies the planning of the transport, since no large steel components and components must be transported separately as general cargo. The main support structure and the legs are constructed of connectable support members which are to be connected together at the installation site. The rest of the parts are similarly designed to be packed in containers. Packaging in containers provides logistics benefits, which saves energy when the problem is considered as a whole. The effects caused by the weather are reduced, and transportation and packaging are simplified.
    From the point of view of the total energy consumption of a gantry gantry crane, the C02 footprint is lower than in the prior art solutions, since the design of machine equipment, cabling and power consumption are reduced by counterweights, in addition to the logistic advantages mentioned above. The amount of energy used for manufacturing is lower, and assembly of the device from modules at the delivery site is easy.
    List of figures
    The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the attached perspective drawing of a crane according to the invention.
    Detailed description of the invention
    Referring to the figure, a traveling crane according to the invention comprises a frame 1 provided in its upper part with a main support structure 2 and in its lower part and on opposite sides of the lower part of the frame 1 with lower support structures 3a and 3b transversely to the main support structure 2 is provided. The main support structure 2 is connected by upright leg 4 with the lower support structures 3 a and 3b. The main support structure 2 herein comprises two main supports 2a which extend in a parallel distance from each other and are interconnected by upper support structures 5a and 5b.
    The ends of the lower support structures 3a and 3b are provided with bogie structures 6 each having two consecutive wheels 7. The total number of bogie structures 6 is thus four, one in each lower corner of the crane. In this example, the wheels are rubber wheels, and typically one of the wheels 7 of each bogie 6 is a drive wheel while the other is a driven wheel. In connection with a rubber wheel crane, the wheels 6 are preferably also rotatable. Alternatively, the number of wheels 7 in each bogie structure 6 could be four (two pairs of wheels in succession) or only one wheel 7 could be provided in each lower corner (in which case the structure is not a bogie structure). As mentioned above, the wheels of the crane could also be on rails (non-rotating) wheels.
    Along the main support structure 2, a trolley 8 is arranged to move with a lifting member (load member) 9 of the crane suspended therefrom.
    In addition, the crane comprises a lifting mechanism 10 for driving the lifting element 9 of the trolley, a main power source 11 of the crane and a cab 12 for the crane operator. The lifting member 9 is connected to the lifting mechanism 10 by ropes or the like (not shown). According to the invention, the cab 12 is arranged in connection with the one lower support structure 3a, while the lift mechanism 10 is arranged in connection with the other lower support structure 3b; more specifically, in this example, the cab 12 is on the lower support structure 3a and the lift mechanism 10 is on the lower support structure 3b. The cab 12 is located in the middle of the lower support structure 3a. The main power source 11 is again arranged in connection with the same lower support structure 3b as the lift mechanism 10. Preferably, the cab 12, lift mechanism 10 and main power source 11 are modular structures to be installed in the crane. This structural unit according to the invention makes it possible to achieve the advantages described in detail above.
    The cab 12 may additionally be provided with a detachable local controller (not shown) whereby an operator is able to move to a suitable location outside the cab 12 and control the use of the crane from the best possible monitoring position.
    It is desirable to equip the trolley 8 and its lifting member 9 with cameras (not shown) to allow the trolley (not shown)
    Container handling operations in the storage area are carried out with sufficient accuracy, as the crane operator no longer monitors the storage locations obliquely downwards.
    It is also advantageous that work lights are mounted on the main beams 2a, which are strong enough that the light thrown through them onto the container storage area when they are directed mainly or wholly downwards is distributed so far in the lateral direction that in practice no horizontal headlamps are required. For example, under each main carrier 2a, there could be five lamps in a row.
    A low-level cab 12 refers to a cab 12 placed at such a height that it lies substantially at the same level as the height of loading a platform of a semi-trailer of a truck. The height of the cab 12 from the ground, i.e., the underside of the wheels 7, may also be defined in proportion to the size of the wheels 7. In an eight-wheel crane, the occupant's seat level in the cab is placed at a height of about 4.0 meters from ground level, so the operator's eyes are at a height of about 4.7 meters. If the typical wheel diameter is about 1.68 meters, the height of the operator's seat level from the ground is about 2.4 times the wheel diameter. Similarly, a sixteen wheel crane uses a slightly smaller wheel diameter, typically 1.37 meters, so that in this case the height of 4.0 meters, where the operator's seat level is from the ground, is about that 2.9 times the wheel diameter. The specific purpose of the altitude placement is to give the crane operator a view of the highest level of a container placed on the trailer of a truck. In such a case, the crane operator also has a good plan view of the trailer of a truck, which can be seen a little from above. The position of the cab and the operator is arranged so that the operator's eyes are advantageously at the level of the upper edge of a container placed on the trailer of a truck or slightly above it. A low-level cab 12 also offers an open view obliquely upwards, whereby a lifted container, with which is being handled, is seen from an angle obliquely downwards.
    By using a detachable local controller, an operator also has the option of controlling the crane from the outside of the cab or driver's cab. Relocation of the control option may also be facilitated by transferring the SIM card only from the cab controller 12 to another controller suitable for use at the yard, for example for cargo handling or crane service. The transmission of the SIM card also ensures that the control option is only active on the control unit placed to the storage location and the control unit left behind in the driver's cab 12 is passive, which means that it can not lead to the accident being caused by the simultaneous use of two control units. Other types of remote control devices are also possible.
    Typically, such a crane is large, in which case the main support structure 2 extends over a plurality of rows of containers. In order to be able to lower the center of gravity of the crane even further, it is desirable to place the main beams 2a close to each other, in which case the upper support structures 5a and 5b become shorter and thus lighter. Thus, the upstanding legs 4 then obliquely connect to the lower support structures 3a and 3b when the crane is viewed from its side. This of course saves material at the same time, stabilizes the entire crane and makes the construction stiffer.
    The above description of the invention is intended only to illustrate the spirit of the invention. The person skilled in the art can thus change their details within the scope of the appended claims. It should be noted that the main power source could alternatively comprise a cable drum and a guide bar, in which case the appearance of the crane differs from the construction shown in the drawing. In such a case, the crane depends on an external power source and is powered by a power cable that follows the ground surface and is unwound by the crane onto the large cable drum. This embodiment could be relevant in connection with a crane traveling on rails.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    A traveling crane comprising - a frame (1) provided in its upper part with a main support structure (2) and in its (1) lower part and on opposite sides of the lower part of the frame (1) with lower support structures (1). 3a, 3b) is provided transversely to the main support structure (2); at least one wheel or wheel assembly (6, 7) at both ends of the lower support structures (3a, 3b), i.e. in each lower corner of the crane; a trolley (8) adapted to move along the main support structure (2) and provided with a lifting element (9); - A lifting mechanism (10) for driving the lifting element (9) of the trolley (8); and - a cab (12) for the crane operator, characterized in that the cab (12) is arranged in connection with the one lower support structure (3a) and the lift mechanism (10) in conjunction with the other lower support structure (3b).
    [2]
    A crane as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the cab (12) is disposed on the one lower support structure (3a) and the lift mechanism (11) is disposed on the other lower support structure (3a).
    [3]
    A crane as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cab (12) is placed in the center of the lower support structure (3a).
    [4]
    Crane as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crane comprises a main power source (11) arranged in connection with the same lower support structure (3b) as the lifting mechanism (10).
    [5]
    Crane as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cab (12), the lifting mechanism (10), the main power source (11) and the wheel assembly (6, 7) are modular structures to be installed in the crane are.
    [6]
    Crane as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cab (12) is provided with a removable local controller.
    [7]
    A crane as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is provided with a remote control device.
    [8]
    Crane as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trolley (8) and its lifting element (9) are equipped with cameras.
    [9]
    A crane as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in an eight-wheel crane the seat plane of the cab (12), measured from the ground level, is at a height corresponding to 1,5- 3, 5 times the diameter of the wheel (7).
    [10]
    A crane as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that in a sixteen wheel crane the seat plane of the cab (12), measured from the ground level, is at a height corresponding to the 2-4 times the diameter of the wheel (7).
    [11]
    Crane as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the seating plane of the cab (12) is at a height of 3.3-5.0 meters from the ground level.
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FIU20144081U|FI10466U1|2014-04-04|2014-04-04|Moving crane|
    PCT/FI2015/050234|WO2015150639A1|2014-04-04|2015-04-02|Moving crane|
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